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Post COVID - Fibrosis

Post-COVID fibrosis refers to persistent scarring and damage to the lung tissue that develops after recovery from COVID-19 infection, especially in patients who had moderate to severe pneumonia or ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome). This scarring leads to chronic respiratory symptoms, reduced lung capacity, and impaired quality of life.

It is a form of interstitial lung disease (ILD) caused by inflammation and tissue injury from the viral infection, mechanical ventilation, or prolonged oxygen therapy.

Causes / Risk Factors

• Severe or prolonged COVID-19 pneumonia
• COVID-19-related ARDS
• Older age
• Smoking history
• Pre-existing lung disease (COPD, ILD)
• Prolonged ICU stay or mechanical ventilation
• High inflammatory markers (e.g., CRP, IL-6)
• Delayed antiviral or steroid therapy

Common Symptoms

• Persistent dry cough
• Exertional breathlessness (shortness of breath during physical activity)
• Chest discomfort or tightness
• Fatigue
• Reduced exercise tolerance
• In advanced cases: resting hypoxia, clubbing